THE PORTER HILL INGREDIENT LIBRARY

Good things. Inside.

Leaves, roots, fruit and flowers. Get to know what goes into your tea, follow a flavour you love, or put a few ingredients side by side.

Inside the blend

Flower

Amaranth

Gentle, plant-like

Did you know? Amaranth means “unfading” in Greek: its flowers keep their colour long after drying.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Amaranth was a staple grain of the Aztecs, who also shaped it into festival figures with honey. In tea it is mostly there for looks — the deep magenta flowers hold their colour in the pot and lend a soft, slightly grassy note rather than a strong flavour.

Complementary flavours

Green tea, jasmine, oolong

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Root & spice

Anise

Sweet, strongly fragrant and liquorice-like.

Did you know? Anise is a cousin of carrot and parsley, not of star anise — they simply share the same sweet aroma compound, anethole.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The Romans baked anise into spiced cakes served at the end of feasts, one of the ancestors of the wedding cake. The seeds are tiny and ridged, and a small pinch goes a long way, which is why blends use it sparingly alongside softer ingredients like apple and fennel.

Complementary flavours

Orange, cinnamon, apple

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Fruit

Apple

Rounded, mellow, gently sweet

Did you know? Dried apple is the quiet workhorse of fruit blends: it brings natural sweetness and body without shouting.

Teas containing it: 14

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

There are more than 7,500 named apple varieties worldwide. In a tisane, dried apple pieces release pectin and gentle sugars, which give a rounded, almost juicy mouthfeel and help brighter fruits such as hibiscus feel less sharp.

Complementary flavours

Cinnamon, hibiscus, ginger

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Root & spice

Beetroot

Earthy, rounded, sweet

Did you know? Beetroot’s colour comes from betalain pigments — the same family that makes prickly pear fruit glow.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Beetroot has been grown since Roman times, though early varieties were prized for their leaves rather than the root. Dried beetroot pieces bring earthy sweetness and a rosy tint to the cup, and blend well with ginger and citrus.

Complementary flavours

Hibiscus, pineapple, ginger

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Flavouring

Bergamot flavouring

Fragrant, citrus-led

Did you know? Bergamot is a fragrant citrus grown almost entirely in Calabria, on the toe of Italy.

Teas containing it: 7

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Bergamot oil gives Earl Grey its signature scent. The fruit itself is too bitter to eat, so the aromatic peel oil is used instead — a natural flavouring that pairs with black tea’s malt and with creamy notes like vanilla. Our flavouring is added to the leaf after processing.

Complementary flavours

Black tea, rose, vanilla

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Tea leaf

Black tea

Malty, brisk, rounded

Did you know? Black, green, white and oolong tea all come from the same plant, Camellia sinensis; the difference is how the leaf is processed.

Teas containing it: 30

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Oxidation develops black tea’s colour and flavour. Keep the leaves cool, dry and away from strong smells; follow the pack’s brewing time.

Black tea is fully oxidised: after picking, the leaves are rolled or cut so their juices meet the air and darken, much like a sliced apple. That process builds the malty, brisk character Britain fell for in the 1700s. Assam leaves tend to be bold and malty; Ceylon is brighter; Yunnan is sweeter and cocoa-like.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Orange, vanilla, cinnamon

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

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Sources & review date

Root & spice

Black & white pepper

Peppery, warming

Did you know? Black and white pepper are the same berry: black is dried whole, white has its outer skin soaked off first.

Teas containing it: 4

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Pepper was once so valuable it was used to pay rent and ransoms in medieval Europe — the word “peppercorn rent” survives today. In chai-style blends a few crushed peppercorns lift the sweetness of cinnamon and cardamom and add a warm tingle at the finish.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, black tea, cardamom

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Fruit

Blackberry

Dark berry, rounded

Did you know? Botanically a blackberry is not a berry at all but an “aggregate fruit” — a cluster of tiny drupelets.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Blackberries have grown wild across Britain for millennia; seeds have been found in Neolithic remains. Dried blackberry brings jammy, hedgerow sweetness and a deep colour, and it sits naturally beside blackcurrant, apple and hibiscus.

Complementary flavours

Apple, mint, hibiscus

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Leaf & stem

Blackberry leaf

Green, dry, gently herbal

Did you know? Blackberry leaf has been used in European infusions for centuries and tastes surprisingly close to a light black tea.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The leaves are often lightly fermented before drying, which develops a gentle, tea-like body without caffeine. That makes blackberry leaf a useful base for fruit tisanes, giving structure so the cup does not taste thin.

Complementary flavours

Apple, berries, rosehip

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Fruit

Blackcurrant

Deep berry, tangy

Did you know? Blackcurrant is the flavour of Ribena for a reason: during the Second World War Britain grew it as a home-grown source of vitamin C.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The fruit is intensely aromatic — a single dried currant can scent a whole spoonful of blend. In tisanes it gives a bold, slightly tart depth that partners well with softer red fruits and with black tea.

Complementary flavours

Hibiscus, elderberry, apple

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Fruit

Blueberry

Soft berry, gently sweet

Did you know? Blueberries are one of very few truly blue foods, coloured by anthocyanin pigments that shift with acidity.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Native to North America, blueberries were dried and pounded into meal by Indigenous peoples long before European settlers arrived. In tea they add a mellow, muffin-like sweetness that suits maple, vanilla and black tea bases.

Complementary flavours

Maple, rooibos, lemon

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Flower

Calendula

Lightly bitter, tangy and peppery.

Did you know? Calendula was known as “poor man’s saffron” for the golden colour its petals give to butter, cheese and broth.

Teas containing it: 6

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Also called pot marigold, calendula has been grown in cottage gardens since medieval times. In blends the sunny orange petals are there mainly for colour and a faintly peppery, herbal note that stays in the background.

Complementary flavours

Apple, citrus, rooibos

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Root & spice

Cardamom

Fragrant, citrusy, aromatic

Did you know? Cardamom is one of the world’s most expensive spices by weight, behind only saffron and vanilla.

Teas containing it: 4

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The green pods grow on a tall ginger relative in the forests of southern India and Guatemala. Inside are small black seeds packed with eucalyptus-like, sweet-camphor aroma. It is the defining note of masala chai and pairs beautifully with cinnamon, ginger and black tea.

Complementary flavours

Black tea, ginger, clove

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Root & spice

Carrot

Earthy, softly sweet

Did you know? Carrots were purple, yellow and white before Dutch growers popularised the orange type in the 1600s.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Dried carrot is an unexpected but clever tisane ingredient: it adds natural sweetness, body and a warm colour without any tartness. You will often find it supporting spices and root ingredients such as ginger and turmeric.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, turmeric, orange

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Flower

Chamomile

Apple-like, floral, mellow

Did you know? The name chamomile comes from the Greek for “earth apple”, a nod to the flowers’ soft, apple-like scent.

Teas containing it: 5

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is the type used in most infusions. The tiny daisy-like heads are harvested in summer and dried whole. Brewed for four to five minutes they give a golden, honeyed cup; brewed longer they can turn slightly bitter, so a timer is your friend.

Complementary flavours

Apple, lemon balm, mint

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

Allergic reactions are possible, especially with allergy to related daisy-family plants. Discuss herbal products with a pharmacist if you take medicines. Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety information is limited.

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Leaf & stem

Cherry stems

Woody, gently fruity

Did you know? Cherry stems — the little stalks — have long been used in French and Eastern European infusions.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Dried cherry stems are woody and neutral, contributing a faint, almost hay-like note and a gentle tannic structure rather than fruit flavour. In a blend they add body while letting brighter ingredients take the lead.

Complementary flavours

Cocoa, cranberry, black tea

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Root & spice

Chilli

Hot, lively, warming

Did you know? The heat in chilli comes from capsaicin, which triggers the same nerve receptors as actual heat — your mouth is not burning, it just thinks it is.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Chilli reached Europe and Asia only after 1492, yet it is now central to cuisines from Sichuan to Hungary. In tea a few flakes give a slow warmth at the end of the sip, working best with cocoa, cinnamon and ginger.

Complementary flavours

Mango, cocoa, citrus

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Flower

Chrysanthemum

Floral, lightly herbal

Did you know? Chrysanthemum tea has been drunk in China for well over a thousand years and is served at banquets as a cooling contrast to rich food.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The dried flowers open back up in hot water, making it one of the prettiest infusions to brew in a glass. The flavour is light, floral and faintly honeyed with a soft herbal edge.

Complementary flavours

Green tea, jasmine

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Root & spice

Cinnamon

Sweet spice, woody, warming

Did you know? True cinnamon is the inner bark of a tree, peeled and rolled into quills as it dries.

Teas containing it: 7

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is thin, papery and delicate; cassia is thicker and hotter. Either way it was one of the first traded spices, mentioned in Egyptian records around 2000 BC. In blends it adds sweetness without sugar, which is why it appears in so many spiced and dessert-style teas.

Complementary flavours

Apple, black tea, orange

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Root & spice

Clove

Deep spice, aromatic

Did you know? A clove is an unopened flower bud, picked by hand and dried until it turns from pink to deep brown.

Teas containing it: 4

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Cloves are native to Indonesia’s Maluku Islands — the original “Spice Islands”. Their aroma is dominated by eugenol, which is also why they smell faintly of the dentist. A little goes a long way; they are typically the smallest component in a chai blend.

Complementary flavours

Orange, cinnamon, apple

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Seed

Cocoa

Roasted, bitter, chocolatey

Did you know? Cocoa nibs are simply roasted, crushed cacao beans — chocolate before sugar and milk are involved.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The cacao tree’s Latin name, Theobroma, means “food of the gods”. Nibs steep to give a dry, roasty, dark-chocolate flavour rather than sweetness, so blends usually pair them with fruit, vanilla or a robust black tea to round them out.

Complementary flavours

Orange, mint, vanilla

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Seed

Coffee

Roasted or green, bitter, aromatic

Did you know? Legend has it coffee was discovered by an Ethiopian goat herder who noticed his goats dancing after eating the red berries.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Coffee and tea both contain caffeine, but a brewed cup of coffee typically carries two to three times as much as black tea. In a blend, a small amount of ground or roasted coffee adds roast and bitterness that suits cocoa and spice.

Complementary flavours

Cocoa, vanilla, black tea

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Flower

Cornflower

Subtle, softly herbal

Did you know? Cornflower petals are almost always “for the eye, not the cup” — they are added for their vivid blue.

Teas containing it: 13

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Once a common weed of British cornfields (hence the name), the cornflower was nearly lost to intensive farming and is now a garden favourite. The petals hold their blue when dried and are a classic garnish in Earl Grey and floral blends, contributing little flavour.

Complementary flavours

Black tea, bergamot, berries

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Fruit

Cranberry

Tart, bright, crisp

Did you know? Cranberries float — they contain little air pockets, which is how growers harvest them by flooding the bogs.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Native to North America, cranberries were a food and dye for Indigenous peoples long before they became a festive sauce. Dried cranberry brings a sharp, tart brightness that keeps fruit blends lively; it partners well with orange and apple.

Complementary flavours

Apple, orange, cinnamon

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Fruit

Currant

Fruity, tangy

Did you know? The “currants” in baking are dried Zante grapes — but in tea, currant usually means the true berry from the Ribes family.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Red and black currants are hardy northern fruits that thrive in Britain’s cool summers. Dried, they give tang and a wine-like depth, adding lively acidity to fruit tisanes and a fruity lift to black tea.

Complementary flavours

Apple, rosehip, cinnamon

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Herb

Dandelion leaf

Green, earthy, gently bitter

Did you know? The name dandelion comes from the French dent de lion — “lion’s tooth” — for the jagged edges of the leaf.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Every part of the dandelion has been eaten somewhere: the leaves in salads, the flowers in wine, the roots roasted. In tea the dried leaf tastes green, slightly bitter and pleasantly grassy, a bit like a gentle chicory. It blends well with mint, nettle and lemon.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, rooibos, lemon

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Root & spice

Dandelion root

Earthy, woody, bitter

Did you know? Roasted dandelion root was a popular coffee substitute in Britain during wartime rationing.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

When the root is dried and roasted it turns dark and develops nutty, toasty, faintly chocolatey flavours with a bitter edge — which is why it has stood in for coffee for generations. Unroasted root is milder and more earthy.

Complementary flavours

Rooibos, ginger, cinnamon

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Tea leaf

Decaf black tea

Rounded, malty

Did you know? Decaf tea still contains a trace of caffeine — “decaffeinated” means most, not all, has been removed.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Most decaffeinated teas use the CO₂ method: pressurised carbon dioxide draws caffeine out of the leaf while leaving most flavour compounds behind. Because the leaf is treated before blending, it brews much like regular black tea — malty and rounded.

Complementary flavours

Bergamot, cinnamon, vanilla

Caffeine

Decaffeinated; a small amount of caffeine can remain.

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Tea leaf

Decaf green tea

Soft, grassy

Did you know? Green tea naturally has less caffeine than black; decaffeinating brings it down to only a few milligrams per cup.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

CO₂ decaffeination is gentle enough to keep green tea’s fresh, vegetal character largely intact. Brew it with slightly cooler water than boiling — around 80°C — to keep the cup smooth rather than bitter.

Complementary flavours

Lemon, jasmine, mint

Caffeine

Decaffeinated; a small amount of caffeine can remain.

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Fruit

Elderberry

Dark fruit, earthy, tangy

Did you know? Elder was once thought to protect the household, which is why old cottages so often have one by the door.

Teas containing it: 4

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The dark purple berries ripen in early autumn along British hedgerows. Dried, they give a deep, wine-coloured infusion with a full, slightly tart fruitiness. Never eat them raw — always cooked or dried, as they are in tea.

Complementary flavours

Hibiscus, blackcurrant, rosehip

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Herb

Eucalyptus

Aromatic, cooling, resinous

Did you know? Eucalyptus leaves are so oily that the trees shimmer with a blue haze on hot days — the origin of Australia’s Blue Mountains name.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

There are more than 700 eucalyptus species, nearly all native to Australia. The dried leaf gives a cool, camphor-like menthol note that is instantly recognisable, and it sits naturally with peppermint and lemon.

Complementary flavours

Peppermint, rosemary, rose

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

This guide does not establish suitability during pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood, or with medicines or a health condition. Ask a pharmacist or clinician about this particular herb before use if any of those apply.

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Root & spice

Fennel

Sweet, anise-like

Did you know? Fennel seeds are chewed after meals across India as a breath freshener — you will often find a bowl by the door of a restaurant.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Fennel’s aroma is sweet and anise-like. A liquorice-like tasting note does not mean a blend contains liquorice.

Fennel is in the carrot family, alongside anise and dill. Its seeds carry anethole, the same sweet compound found in anise and liquorice, which is why blends containing fennel can taste liquorice-like without any liquorice root.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Liquorice, mint, apple

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Root & spice

Fenugreek

Earthy, bitter, aromatic

Did you know? Fenugreek seeds smell distinctly of maple syrup — the same aroma compound, sotolon, is in both.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Fenugreek has been grown around the Mediterranean and India since ancient times; seeds were found in Tutankhamun’s tomb. In tea the toasted seeds give a warm, slightly bitter, maple-and-celery note that pairs surprisingly well with spices.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, rooibos, cinnamon

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Root & spice

Galangal

Pine-like, citrus-led, peppery

Did you know? Galangal looks like ginger but tastes sharper and more piney — Thai cooks would never swap one for the other.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A rhizome from the ginger family, galangal is essential to Thai tom yum and Indonesian rendang. In tea it gives a bright, citrus-pine heat that feels cleaner than ginger, and it pairs well with lemongrass and lime.

Complementary flavours

Lemon, lemongrass, ginger

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Root & spice

Ginger

Hot, zesty, warming

Did you know? Ginger is not a root but a rhizome — an underground stem — and the plant has been cultivated so long that it no longer grows wild.

Teas containing it: 8

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Ginger travelled from South-East Asia along the spice routes to reach Rome, and later Britain, where medieval cooks used it as freely as pepper. Dried ginger pieces give a warm, slow-building heat that anchors chai blends and pairs with lemon, turmeric and cinnamon.

Complementary flavours

Lemon, apple, cinnamon

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Leaf & stem

Green rooibos

Light, grassy, gently sweet

Did you know? Green rooibos is the same South African bush as red rooibos — it just skips the oxidation step.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Green rooibos comes from the same plant as red rooibos, but oxidation is prevented. Expect a paler infusion and a milder, greener taste. Naturally caffeine-free.

Rooibos only grows in the Cederberg mountains north of Cape Town. The “red” version is bruised and left to oxidise in the sun; green rooibos is dried straight away, which keeps it lighter, greener and more honeyed. Both are naturally caffeine-free.

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Complementary flavours

Peach, citrus, ginger

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Tea leaf

Green tea

Grassy, fresh, sometimes savoury

Did you know? Green tea gets its colour because the leaves are heated soon after picking — steamed in Japan, pan-fired in China — which halts oxidation.

Teas containing it: 16

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Heating the leaves early in processing limits oxidation. Water around 80°C is a useful starting point; follow the brewing guide for your particular tea.

That early heating preserves the leaf’s fresh, grassy compounds. Japanese greens tend to taste marine and umami-rich; Chinese greens lean toward nutty and toasty. Use water around 80°C: boiling water scorches the leaf and draws out bitterness.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Jasmine, mint, lemon

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

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Flower

Hibiscus

Tart, cranberry-like, vivid

Did you know? Hibiscus is the ruby-red colour behind most “red” fruit teas, and the tang too — its calyces are naturally very tart.

Teas containing it: 15

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Hibiscus gives blends a deep red colour and a tart, cranberry-like edge. Its acidity makes it useful in both hot and iced infusions.

Known as roselle, karkadé in Egypt and agua de Jamaica in Mexico, hibiscus is brewed hot or iced across the world. The part used is the calyx — the fleshy cup that holds the seed pod — not the petals. Its natural acidity is why fruit blends pair it with sweet apple and rosehip.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Berries, rosehip, ginger

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Leaf & stem

Honeybush

Honey-like, woody, rounded

Did you know? Honeybush is named for its flowers, which smell of honey when the bush blooms in the South African spring.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A close cousin of rooibos from the Cape, honeybush is sweeter and rounder, with notes of apricot, honey and dried hay. It is naturally caffeine-free and very forgiving to brew — you can leave it steeping without it turning bitter.

Complementary flavours

Peach, tangerine, vanilla

Caffeine

Naturally caffeine-free.

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Flower

Jasmine

Floral, perfumed, lingering

Did you know? Traditional jasmine tea is scented, not flavoured: fresh jasmine blossoms are layered with tea leaves overnight, then removed, and the process is repeated for several nights.

Teas containing it: 5

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Jasmine flowers open only after dark, which is why the scenting is done in the evening. The finest jasmine teas from Fujian may be scented up to seven times. Any petals left in the blend are for appearance; the perfume is already in the leaf.

Complementary flavours

Green tea, oolong, orange

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Fruit

Kiwi

Tart, fresh, fruity

Did you know? Kiwi fruit is actually a Chinese gooseberry, renamed in New Zealand in the 1950s to help it sell abroad.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The fuzzy fruit is packed with a bright, tropical-tart flavour that survives drying well. In a tisane it adds a zesty, green-fruit sparkle that plays nicely with pineapple, apple and lemongrass.

Complementary flavours

Strawberry, apple, mint

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Flower

Lavender

Floral, aromatic, gently herbal

Did you know? Lavender was used to scent Roman baths — its name comes from the Latin lavare, “to wash”.

Teas containing it: 5

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) has the softest, sweetest aroma for food and drink; other types can taste soapy. A tiny pinch is enough in a blend, where it adds a floral, faintly minty perfume that sits well with Earl Grey and chamomile.

Complementary flavours

Vanilla, black tea, lemon

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Citrus

Lemon

Bright, sharp, zesty

Did you know? A lemon tree can flower and fruit all year round, so it often carries blossoms and ripe fruit at the same time.

Teas containing it: 4

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Lemon reached Europe via Persia and the Arab world and was a luxury in medieval England. Dried lemon peel carries the fragrant oils of the zest, adding a bright, clean citrus note without the sharpness of juice. It lifts ginger, green tea and herbal blends alike.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, raspberry, mint

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Herb

Lemon balm

Soft lemon, gently herbal

Did you know? Lemon balm is a member of the mint family that smells of lemon — bees adore it, and its Latin name Melissa means “honeybee”.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Grown in monastery gardens across medieval Europe, lemon balm was a favourite for scenting rooms and flavouring drinks. Brewed, it gives a soft, lemony herbal cup that is gentler than lemongrass and pairs well with chamomile and mint.

Complementary flavours

Chamomile, apple, rose

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Herb

Lemon verbena

Fragrant lemon, bright

Did you know? Lemon verbena has one of the most intensely lemony scents of any plant — brush a leaf and your fingers will smell of sherbet.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A South American shrub brought to Europe by the Spanish in the 1700s, it became a staple of French tisane culture, where it is known as verveine. It brews clean and citrusy, without the tartness of real lemon, and is lovely with green tea.

Complementary flavours

Raspberry, apple, mint

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Herb

Lemongrass

Citrusy, grassy, clean

Did you know? Lemongrass is a tall tropical grass — the lemon scent comes from citral, the same compound in lemon peel.

Teas containing it: 5

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A backbone of Thai and Vietnamese cooking, lemongrass is also brewed across South-East Asia and Latin America as a refreshing tisane. Dried, it gives a bright, slightly gingery citrus note that works hot or iced and pairs with ginger, mint and green tea.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, mint, apple

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Root & spice

Liquorice

Sweet, woody, lingering

Did you know? Liquorice root is naturally around 30–50 times sweeter than sugar, thanks to a compound called glycyrrhizin.

Teas containing it: 5

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Liquorice, anise and fennel can taste similar but are different ingredients. Check the blend’s ingredient list and the cautions below.

Pontefract in Yorkshire was once the heart of Britain’s liquorice trade, and the town still holds a liquorice festival. In tea a small amount of the dried root gives lingering sweetness and body without adding sugar — a natural way to round off mint and spice blends.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Peppermint, ginger, fennel

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

Liquorice contains glycyrrhizin, which can cause adverse effects, particularly with large or prolonged intakes. People with high blood pressure or heart or kidney conditions can be more vulnerable. Ask a pharmacist or clinician about suitability if you take medicines, are pregnant or are breastfeeding. We do not have a measured glycyrrhizin amount or a product-specific safe daily intake for these infusions. Check the pack separately for allergens.

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Flower

Mallow

Soft, subtle, floral

Did you know? The word marshmallow comes from the mallow plant — the sweet was originally made from its sticky root sap.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Blue mallow flowers turn a striking blue in hot water and then shift toward pink if you add lemon. They contribute little flavour but plenty of colour, which is why they appear in blends that want to look as good as they taste.

Complementary flavours

Oolong, rose, jasmine

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Mango

Ripe tropical fruit

Did you know? Mango has been cultivated in India for more than 4,000 years and is the national fruit of India, Pakistan and the Philippines.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Dried mango is intensely sweet and perfumed, with a honeyed, tropical depth. In fruit teas it brings body and sunshine, and pairs especially well with green tea, papaya and pineapple.

Complementary flavours

Chilli, lime, papaya

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Sources & review date

Sweetener

Maple syrup

Caramel-like, woody, sweet

Did you know? It takes around 40 litres of maple sap to make one litre of syrup.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Indigenous peoples of north-eastern North America were tapping maples long before European settlers arrived. In a blend, maple-flavoured pieces add a warm, caramel-like sweetness that suits black tea, blueberry and vanilla.

Complementary flavours

Blueberry, black tea, cinnamon

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Sources & review date

Flower

Marigold

Gentle, herbal

Did you know? Marigold petals were once used to colour cheese and butter a richer gold — a practice that gave them the nickname “poor man’s saffron”.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The petals in tea are typically from Calendula officinalis, a cottage-garden favourite for centuries. They hold a bright orange-gold colour when dried and add a light, faintly peppery note, mostly serving to make the blend look cheerful.

Complementary flavours

Citrus, apple, ginger

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Sources & review date

Tea leaf

Matcha

Umami, grassy, creamy

Did you know? Matcha is whole green tea leaf ground into a powder — so you drink the entire leaf rather than an infusion of it.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The leaves are shaded for weeks before harvest to boost chlorophyll and amino acids, then steamed, dried and stone-ground. Traditional mills produce only about 30 to 40 grams an hour. Whisk it with water at around 70–80°C for a smooth, umami-rich cup.

Complementary flavours

Vanilla, strawberry, white chocolate

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Sources & review date

Herb

Moringa

Green, earthy, vegetal

Did you know? Moringa is sometimes called the “drumstick tree” for its long, thin seed pods, which are cooked as a vegetable in India.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Native to the Himalayan foothills, moringa grows quickly in hot, dry climates and almost every part of the tree is used in cooking. The dried leaf brews green and grassy, a little like nettle or matcha, and pairs with lemon and mint.

Complementary flavours

Berries, cocoa, citrus

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Sources & review date

Herb

Mugwort

Bitter, aromatic, resinous

Did you know? Mugwort has been used to flavour beer and food in Britain since before hops arrived — the “mug” may come from its use in drinking vessels.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A tall, silvery-leaved relative of wormwood, mugwort grows on wasteland and roadsides across the UK. It brews to a distinctly herbal, slightly bitter, sage-like cup with a faintly aromatic finish.

Complementary flavours

Explore its character on its own first

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

This guide does not establish suitability during pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood, or with medicines or a health condition. Ask a pharmacist or clinician about this particular herb before use if any of those apply.

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Sources & review date

Herb

Mullein

Mild, earthy, softly herbal

Did you know? Mullein’s tall, felted flower spikes were once dipped in tallow and used as torches — hence the old name “candlewick plant”.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A striking biennial with soft, woolly leaves, mullein grows wild across Britain and Europe. The dried leaf and flower give a mild, slightly sweet, hay-like infusion. Blends usually strain it well, as the leaf hairs are best kept out of the cup.

Complementary flavours

Explore its character on its own first

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

This guide does not establish suitability during pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood, or with medicines or a health condition. Ask a pharmacist or clinician about this particular herb before use if any of those apply.

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Sources & review date

Flower

Nasturtium

Peppery, green

Did you know? Nasturtium flowers are edible and taste peppery — the name means “nose-twister” in Latin, for the way the scent tickles.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Brought to Europe from Peru in the 1500s, nasturtiums quickly became a favourite in both gardens and salads. The bright orange and red petals lend colour to a blend and a faint watercress-like pepperiness.

Complementary flavours

Oolong, citrus

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Sources & review date

Flavouring

Natural flavouring

Depends on the recipe

Did you know? “Natural flavouring” means the aroma is derived from natural sources — fruit, spice or plant material — rather than built from scratch in a lab.

Teas containing it: 20

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Many fruits lose their aroma when dried, so a natural flavouring is used to bring back the taste of, say, ripe strawberry or peach. It is added to the blend in small amounts and is what makes a fruit tea smell as good dry as it tastes brewed.

Complementary flavours

Follow the finished tea’s tasting notes

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Sources & review date

Herb

Nettle

Green, earthy, grassy

Did you know? Nettle loses its sting the moment it is dried or cooked — the tiny hairs that inject the sting simply collapse.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Nettle has been used for cloth, rope, soup and dye since the Bronze Age. Brewed, the dried leaf tastes green and savoury, somewhere between spinach and green tea, with a soft, rounded finish. It pairs well with mint, lemon and dandelion.

Complementary flavours

Spearmint, lemon, chamomile

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Sources & review date

Root & spice

Nutmeg

Warm, woody, sweet spice

Did you know? Nutmeg and mace come from the same fruit: nutmeg is the seed and mace is the lacy red covering around it.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Nutmeg trees grow only in tropical climates and were once found solely on Indonesia’s Banda Islands, which made the spice worth a fortune in the 1600s. A small grating in a blend adds warm, sweet, slightly woody depth that suits cinnamon, cocoa and vanilla.

Complementary flavours

Vanilla, black tea, cinnamon

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Sources & review date

Tea leaf

Oolong

Floral to toasted, layered

Did you know? Oolong sits between green and black tea — partially oxidised — and the name means “black dragon” in Chinese.

Teas containing it: 5

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Oolong is partly oxidised. Different processing styles mean two oolongs can taste quite different, so use the individual tea’s brewing instructions.

Oolong leaves are bruised and rested repeatedly, so oxidation happens only at the leaf edges, then rolled into balls or twists. Light oolongs are floral and creamy; darker, roasted oolongs taste of toasted nuts and stone fruit. Good oolong rewards several short infusions from one spoonful of leaf.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Jasmine, orange, rose

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

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Sources & review date

Citrus

Orange

Zesty, sweet citrus

Did you know? Dried orange peel has been used in Chinese tea for centuries — aged peel, called chenpi, is prized for its mellow, sweet aroma.

Teas containing it: 11

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Orange peel carries the fruit’s essential oils, so a few pieces perfume a whole blend with bright, sunny citrus. It softens the tartness of hibiscus, sharpens spiced teas and brings an unmistakable festive note to winter blends.

Complementary flavours

Cinnamon, black tea, clove

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Papaya

Soft, tropical, rounded

Did you know? Papaya contains papain, an enzyme so good at breaking down protein that it is sold as meat tenderiser.

Teas containing it: 4

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Native to Central America, papaya spread across the tropics with Spanish and Portuguese traders. Dried papaya is sweet, soft and mildly musky, adding body and tropical warmth to fruit blends alongside mango and pineapple.

Complementary flavours

Mango, strawberry, hibiscus

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Peach

Stone-fruit, fragrant, rounded

Did you know? Peaches are originally from China, where they have symbolised long life for thousands of years.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Peach travelled west along the Silk Road; the Romans called it the “Persian apple”. Dried peach pieces give a soft, honeyed, floral sweetness, and peach is a classic partner for oolong and white tea, echoing their natural stone-fruit notes.

Complementary flavours

Honeybush, tangerine, vanilla

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Pear

Soft, mellow, fragrant

Did you know? Pear trees can live and fruit for well over 200 years — some English orchards still have Victorian trees.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Dried pear is gentler than apple, with a mellow, honeyed sweetness and a faint floral edge. In tisanes it adds body and softness, and it sits beautifully next to white tea, vanilla and chamomile.

Complementary flavours

Rose, bergamot, vanilla

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Sources & review date

Herb

Peppermint

Cooling, clean, minty

Did you know? Peppermint is a natural hybrid of watermint and spearmint, first described in England in 1696.

Teas containing it: 6

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Menthol gives peppermint its distinctive cooling flavour. It has more menthol than spearmint, making the two useful to compare.

Menthol is what gives peppermint its cooling sensation — it tricks the same nerve receptors that respond to cold. The dried leaf brews strong, clean and bracing, and it is best steeped with a lid on to trap the aromatic oils.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Cocoa, liquorice, lemon

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Pineapple

Bright, tropical, tangy

Did you know? A pineapple is not one fruit but many — dozens of individual berries fused around a central core.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Pineapples were such a status symbol in 18th-century Britain that people rented them to display at dinner parties. Dried pineapple brings tangy, tropical sweetness and a lovely golden colour, pairing well with green tea, mango and kiwi.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, turmeric, mint

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Pomegranate

Tart, bright, dry

Did you know? A single pomegranate can hold more than 600 seeds, each wrapped in its own juicy jewel.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

One of the oldest cultivated fruits, pomegranate appears in Egyptian tomb paintings and Greek myths. Dried, it lends a tart-sweet, wine-like depth and a rosy colour to fruit blends and pairs beautifully with hibiscus and black tea.

Complementary flavours

Cranberry, rose, cocoa

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Sources & review date

Tea leaf

Pu-erh

Earthy, deep, rounded

Did you know? Pu-erh is one of the few teas deliberately aged — some pressed cakes are decades old and sold like fine wine.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Raw and ripe pu-erh are made differently: raw tea develops through ageing, while ripe tea uses an accelerated fermentation stage. Check which style you are choosing.

From Yunnan in south-west China, pu-erh is fermented by friendly microbes after processing. “Raw” pu-erh ages slowly over years; “ripe” pu-erh is fermented in months. Both brew dark and smooth with earthy, woody and sweet-date flavours, and the leaf can be infused many times.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Cocoa, orange, ginger

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Pumpkin

Mellow, earthy, rounded

Did you know? The word pumpkin comes from the Greek pepon, meaning “large melon”.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Pumpkins are among the oldest cultivated plants in the Americas, grown for at least 7,500 years. Dried pumpkin pieces are mild and sweet, with a squash-like body, and they make a natural base for cinnamon, nutmeg and clove in autumn blends.

Complementary flavours

Cinnamon, apple, ginger

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Raspberry

Tart, fragrant berry

Did you know? Raspberries are hollow when picked because the core stays on the plant — unlike blackberries, which keep theirs.

Teas containing it: 5

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A native of Europe and northern Asia, the raspberry has been gathered wild since prehistoric times and was cultivated in Britain by the Middle Ages. Dried raspberry adds a fragrant, tart-sweet brightness and a lovely pink hue to fruit blends and to black tea.

Complementary flavours

Lemon, rose, apple

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Sources & review date

Leaf & stem

Raspberry leaf

Earthy, hay-like, gently dry

Did you know? Raspberry leaf tastes nothing like the fruit — it brews to a mellow cup closer to a mild black tea.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The leaves are picked before the plant fruits and dried carefully to keep them green. Naturally caffeine-free, raspberry leaf gives structure and a gentle, slightly tannic body, so it often acts as the base of herbal blends.

Complementary flavours

Lemon, apple, rose

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

This guide does not establish suitability during pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood, or with medicines or a health condition. Ask a pharmacist or clinician about this particular herb before use if any of those apply.

Find it in these teas

Sources & review date

Root & spice

Rhubarb root

Earthy, tart, dry

Did you know? Rhubarb was grown in China for its root long before anyone in Britain thought to eat the stalks with custard.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The root is very different from the tart stems: dried, it is earthy and bitter with a faintly sweet edge, and it lends a deep amber colour. Blends use it in small amounts to add depth to fruit and spice.

Complementary flavours

Strawberry, apple, hibiscus

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

This guide does not establish suitability during pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood, or with medicines or a health condition. Ask a pharmacist or clinician about this particular herb before use if any of those apply.

Find it in these teas

Sources & review date

Grain

Rice

Toasted, nutty, cereal-like

Did you know? The toasted rice in genmaicha was originally a thrifty way to stretch tea for poorer households in Japan — now it is loved for its own sake.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Genmaicha combines green tea with roasted or popped grain. Follow the blend’s brewing instructions and try it without milk first.

Brown rice is roasted until some grains pop like tiny popcorn, then blended with green tea. The result is warm, nutty and savoury, a little like toasted cereal, and it makes green tea approachable for people who find it too grassy.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Green tea, matcha

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Sources & review date

Leaf & stem

Roasted yerba mate

Toasted, woody, robust

Did you know? Roasting yerba mate gives it a smoky, coffee-like flavour — the drink is so popular in Argentina that it is protected as a national infusion.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Roasting moves maté towards a rounder, smoky flavour. Roasted maté still contains caffeine.

Yerba mate is a South American holly whose leaves naturally contain caffeine. Roasting the dried leaf softens its green bitterness and adds toasty, malty depth, making it a natural partner for cocoa and spice.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Cocoa, cinnamon, orange

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

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Sources & review date

Leaf & stem

Rooibos

Woody, mellow, softly sweet

Did you know? Rooibos means “red bush” in Afrikaans, and it only grows in one small region of South Africa’s Western Cape.

Teas containing it: 6

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Oxidation develops red rooibos’s amber colour and gently sweet, fruity character. It is naturally caffeine-free and can be enjoyed plain or with milk.

The needle-like leaves are cut, bruised and left to oxidise in the sun, turning from green to brick red. It is naturally caffeine-free, low in tannin and almost impossible to over-brew, with a smooth, honeyed, slightly woody flavour that takes milk well.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Vanilla, orange, cinnamon

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Sources & review date

Flower

Rose

Floral, fragrant, delicate

Did you know? Rose petals have flavoured food and drink for at least 5,000 years — Persian cooks were making rose water in antiquity.

Teas containing it: 9

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The petals used in tea are usually from damask or centifolia roses, grown for their perfume. A few petals lend a soft, romantic fragrance and pretty colour; too many can taste soapy, so blenders use a light hand. Rose pairs naturally with black tea, cardamom and vanilla.

Complementary flavours

Pear, black tea, vanilla

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Rosehip

Tart, fruity, dry

Did you know? Rosehips are the fruit of the rose — during the Second World War British schoolchildren were paid to gather them from the hedgerows.

Teas containing it: 10

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The hips ripen in autumn, turning scarlet after the first frost. Dried and chopped, they brew tart, tangy and slightly sweet with a deep pink-orange colour, which is why they are a backbone of so many fruit blends alongside hibiscus.

Complementary flavours

Hibiscus, apple, ginger

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Sources & review date

Herb

Rosemary

Pine-like, savoury, aromatic

Did you know? Rosemary means “dew of the sea” in Latin — it grows wild on Mediterranean cliffs where sea spray keeps it damp.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A woody evergreen in the mint family, rosemary carries pine, camphor and lemon notes in its needle-like leaves. In tea it is used sparingly, adding a savoury, aromatic edge that works well with lemon, thyme and green tea.

Complementary flavours

Lemon, mint, orange

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Sources & review date

Flower

Safflower

Subtle, mildly earthy

Did you know? Safflower petals were used to dye the wrappings of Egyptian mummies, and are still called “false saffron” in the spice trade.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

One of humanity’s oldest crops, safflower is now grown mostly for cooking oil. The dried orange-red petals add colour and a faint, slightly bitter herbal note to blends — cheerful to look at, subtle to taste.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, lemon, black tea

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Sources & review date

Herb

Spearmint

Sweet mint, fresh, soft

Did you know? Spearmint is the mint in most chewing gum and toothpaste, and the one used in Moroccan mint tea.

Teas containing it: 4

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Spearmint contains less menthol than peppermint and has a mildly sweet, aromatic flavour. Choose it when you prefer a gentler mint character.

Milder and sweeter than peppermint, spearmint contains very little menthol, so it refreshes without the icy blast. Its name comes from the spear-shaped leaves. Brewed with green tea and a little sugar, it is the everyday drink of Morocco.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Green tea, lemon, nettle

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Sources & review date

Herb

St John’s wort

Herbal, gently bitter

Did you know? St John’s wort flowers around 24 June — St John’s Day — which is how it got its name.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The bright yellow flowers release a red pigment when crushed. A wild plant of meadows and hedgebanks across Britain, its dried flowering tops brew to a mild, slightly bitter, hay-like herbal cup.

Complementary flavours

Read the medicine-interaction note before choosing

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

St John's wort can interact seriously with medicines, including hormonal contraceptives, antidepressants and some heart medicines. Ask a pharmacist or clinician before using it if you take medication. NCCIH also raises concerns during pregnancy and breastfeeding. We have no product-specific interaction or safe-intake study for this blend; do not assume that being in tea removes the concern. Check the pack separately for allergens.

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Sources & review date

Root & spice

Star anise

Sweet, anise-like, aromatic

Did you know? Star anise is the fruit of an evergreen tree from southern China and Vietnam — each eight-pointed star holds a seed in every arm.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

It is not related to anise seed at all, but both are rich in anethole, the sweet-liquorice compound. Star anise is a key part of Chinese five-spice and of Vietnamese pho broth. In tea it brings warm, sweet spice that suits cinnamon, orange and black tea.

Complementary flavours

Rooibos, orange, cinnamon

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Sources & review date

Herb

Stevia

Sweet, lingering

Did you know? Stevia leaf is naturally around 200–300 times sweeter than sugar — the Guaraní people of Paraguay used it to sweeten mate for centuries.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A small shrub in the daisy family, stevia gets its sweetness from compounds called steviol glycosides. In a blend, a few dried leaves add a rounded sweetness with no sugar, though a slight liquorice-like aftertaste is part of its character.

Complementary flavours

Apple, cinnamon, ginger

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Sources & review date

Fruit

Strawberry

Sweet berry, bright

Did you know? The strawberry is the only fruit that wears its seeds on the outside — and botanically, each “seed” is a tiny fruit in its own right.

Teas containing it: 7

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The garden strawberry we know is a happy accident: an 18th-century cross between a Chilean and a North American species in a French garden. Dried strawberry adds jammy sweetness and a rosy colour, and pairs naturally with vanilla, rhubarb and black tea.

Complementary flavours

Rhubarb, vanilla, hibiscus

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Sources & review date

Leaf & stem

Strawberry leaf

Green, soft, herbal

Did you know? Strawberry leaf has been used in European infusions for centuries and brews to a mild, tea-like cup with no strawberry flavour at all.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

The leaves are gathered from the plant and dried quickly to keep their colour. They give a light, slightly astringent body — a useful, caffeine-free backbone for fruit blends.

Complementary flavours

Strawberry, apple, raspberry

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Sources & review date

Flower

Sunflower petals

Gentle, lightly herbal

Did you know? Sunflowers really do follow the sun — young plants turn their heads from east to west each day, then face east permanently once mature.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Native to the Americas and grown by Indigenous peoples for at least 4,000 years, sunflowers are now cultivated worldwide. The bright yellow petals hold their colour when dried and are added to blends for cheer rather than flavour.

Complementary flavours

Apple, black tea, cinnamon

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Citrus

Tangerine

Soft, fragrant citrus

Did you know? Tangerines are named after Tangier in Morocco, the port they were shipped from to Europe in the 1800s.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A type of mandarin, tangerine peel is thinner and sweeter-smelling than orange. Dried, it perfumes a blend with a bright, candied-citrus note that sits beautifully with green tea and floral ingredients.

Complementary flavours

Peach, honeybush, ginger

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Herb

Tulsi

Spicy, with clove, mint and basil notes.

Did you know? Tulsi, or holy basil, is considered sacred in India — many homes grow a plant in a special pot in the courtyard.

Teas containing it: 3

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A relative of culinary basil, tulsi has a warm, clove-like, slightly peppery aroma. Its dried leaves brew to an aromatic, spicy-sweet herbal cup that pairs well with ginger, lemongrass and rose.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, rose, apple

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Sources & review date

Root & spice

Turmeric

Earthy, warm, savoury

Did you know? Turmeric’s colour is so strong it is used as a natural dye — and it will stain your wooden spoon a cheerful yellow.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A rhizome in the ginger family, turmeric has been grown in India for around 4,000 years and gives curry powder its colour. Dried, it brews earthy, peppery and faintly bitter with a golden hue. A pinch of black pepper and ginger are its classic companions in a blend.

Complementary flavours

Ginger, pineapple, citrus

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Root & spice

Valerian

Earthy, strong, woody

Did you know? Valerian root has a famously pungent smell — cats find it as exciting as catnip.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

A tall plant with pale pink flowers, valerian grows wild in damp British meadows. The root is dried and chopped for infusions and has an earthy, musky flavour, so blends pair it with sweeter, softer ingredients like chamomile and liquorice.

Complementary flavours

Read the considerations before choosing

Allergens, intolerances & suitability

NCCIH advises against combining valerian with alcohol or sedatives and recommends discussing use with a clinician if you take medicines. Safety during pregnancy, breastfeeding and long-term use is not well established. We do not have a product-specific safe-intake study for these blends. Check the pack separately for allergens.

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Sources & review date

Flavouring

Vanilla

Sweet aroma, creamy, rounded

Did you know? Vanilla is the fruit of an orchid, and each flower opens for just one day — outside Mexico it must be pollinated by hand.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Grown mainly in Madagascar today, vanilla pods are cured for months to develop their aroma. In a blend it brings creamy, sweet warmth that softens black tea and pairs with rooibos, cocoa and fruit.

Complementary flavours

Black tea, lavender, cocoa

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Tea leaf

White tea

Delicate, floral, softly sweet

Did you know? White tea is the least processed tea: the young buds are simply picked and dried, with no rolling or oxidising to speak of.

Teas containing it: 2

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

White tea is made by withering and drying young leaves or buds. Silver Needle uses buds; White Peony also includes young leaves.

Named for the fine silvery down on the unopened buds, white tea comes mainly from Fujian in China. Silver Needle is made from buds alone; White Peony includes the first leaves. Brew it gently at around 80°C for a pale, sweet, melon-and-hay flavoured cup.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Rose, pear, peach

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

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Sources & review date

Tea leaf

Yellow tea

Mellow, gently grassy

Did you know? Yellow tea is one of the rarest teas in the world — a few small regions in China make it, using a slow “sealed yellowing” step.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Yellow tea processing includes a steaming and resting stage before final drying. It is a distinct tea style, even when its leaves resemble green tea.

After the leaves are heated like green tea, they are wrapped in cloth or paper and left to rest gently warm, which mellows the grassy edge and turns the leaf a soft yellow. The result is smoother and sweeter than green tea, with a rounded, mellow finish.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Pear, a plain biscuit

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

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Sources & review date

Leaf & stem

Yerba mate

Herbaceous, earthy, brisk

Did you know? Yerba mate is traditionally drunk from a hollow gourd through a metal straw called a bombilla, and shared among friends.

Teas containing it: 1

Pairings & teas

Useful to know

Maté contains caffeine despite being a herbal infusion. Green maté has a bitter, herbaceous character; roasting changes the flavour.

A species of holly native to South America, mate leaves naturally contain caffeine — roughly comparable to a cup of tea. Unroasted mate brews green, grassy and pleasantly bitter, a bit like a bold green tea.

Read the source

Complementary flavours

Lemon, mint, orange

Caffeine

Contains caffeine.

Find it in these teas

Sources & review date

PLAN. PLANT. PLANET.

A little further into tea.

Plants, people and the things that happen between a leaf and a cup. Settle in. There is plenty to get curious about.

BotanyOne plant. A rather large family of teas.Black tea and green tea are closer relatives than the shelf suggests.

Start with the plant, not the colour of the brew. Camellia sinensis belongs to the Theaceae family. Kew recognises it as a shrub or tree, with a native range stretching from the eastern Himalaya through southern China and northern Indo-China, including Hainan. That is a botanical distribution, not a map of where every packet of tea comes from. Source: Kew, Plants of the World Online.

A useful distinction

A species name tells us which plant we are discussing. A growing place tells us where a particular crop was raised. They answer different questions. If a product only has the first, we should not quietly supply the second.

The familiar names sinensis and assamica are recognised varieties within the species. Kew lists other accepted infraspecific names too, so the whole botanical story is a little richer than a neat two-box diagram. Kew's accepted infraspecific taxa.

General botanical context. Kew taxonomy checked 14 September 2026; not a stock-origin declaration.

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Making teaThe leaf is only the beginning.Why processing deserves as much attention as the postcode.

Leaves from the tea plant can become very different drinks. After picking, withering, rolling or bruising, oxidation and drying help shape the result. Black tea is oxidised before drying; green tea is processed to keep oxidation low. Source: Horniman Museum and Gardens, 2023.

What to notice in your cup

Here is a simple tasting exercise: brew a black tea and a green tea using each tea's own instructions. Let both cool a little. Compare the aroma, colour and the feeling left in your mouth. There is no required answer and no prize for the longest adjective. A useful note is one that helps you choose your next cup.

That exercise is our recommendation, not a controlled scientific test. Different cultivars, harvests and recipes mean you are comparing two finished teas, not isolating oxidation alone.

General processing explanation, not a method verified for every Porter Hill batch. Reviewed 14 September 2026.

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Plant scienceThere is a lot going on inside a leaf.A genome measured in billions, behind something you measure by the spoonful.

In 2018, Wei and colleagues published a draft genome of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Their assembly was about 3.1 billion DNA bases long. The research examined the evolutionary and genetic foundations of tea quality, including pathways associated with catechins and theanine. Read the original PNAS paper.

Why bother with the genetics?

Because a leaf is not a bag of flavour waiting for hot water. It is living plant tissue with inherited machinery for making compounds. Studying that machinery helps researchers investigate why tea plants differ and how useful traits might be understood in breeding. Read the indexed study abstract.

That does not tell us the chemical content of your mug. Nor does a genome paper prove that drinking a particular tea produces a health benefit. It tells us something fascinating about the plant. That is quite enough to be getting on with.

Wei et al., PNAS (2018), DOI 10.1073/pnas.1719622115. Research context; no health or product-composition claim.

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China · CultureA tea tradition is something people do.Not just an antique pot behind glass.

China's traditional tea-processing knowledge and associated social practices joined UNESCO's Representative List in 2022. The recognised heritage includes plantation management, picking, hand-processing, drinking and sharing. It is a connected practice, not merely a collection of famous tea names. Source: UNESCO's documentary record.

The record describes six categories developed through local conditions and customs: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black. That is a useful reminder that the world of tea is broader than the selection in any one shop. UNESCO's category description.

Follow the makers

When exploring a tea tradition, ask who grows, makes, serves and teaches it. A beautiful vessel is worth noticing; so is the knowledge that makes it useful. We can enjoy learning about a tradition without claiming it as our own.

UNESCO heritage documentation; inscription 2022. Cultural context, not a Porter Hill sourcing relationship.

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Azerbaijan & Türkiye · CultureThe cup is an invitation.Çay, conversation and the everyday work of hospitality.

In Azerbaijan and Türkiye, UNESCO describes tea culture as a way of welcoming people, maintaining social ties and marking important moments. Its 2022 heritage announcement notes the prominence of black tea, served freshly brewed and hot in small, pear-shaped vessels. Source: UNESCO, 2 December 2022.

More than a recipe

The interesting part is not finding a single supposedly correct cup. It is noticing what serving tea makes possible: time together, an opening for conversation, an everyday gesture of attention. That is our reading of the heritage account, not a claim that every home serves tea identically.

There is something lovely to bring back to a Yorkshire kitchen here. Put a little care into the serving, make room for the person drinking it, and let the tea be part of the welcome. No borrowed costume required.

UNESCO, 2 December 2022. Describes shared heritage, not uniform behaviour by every household.

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History · 1848Tea's history is not all porcelain and picnics.Plants travelled. So did expertise, power and exploitation.

The Horniman Museum recounts how, in 1848, Robert Fortune took tea plants and Chinese tea-growing expertise to India for the East India Company. Its account frames the transfer as theft within Britain's attempt to gain control of the tea trade. Source: Horniman Museum and Gardens.

Keep people in the picture

A story told only as a daring plant-hunting adventure leaves important people outside the frame. The knowledge of growers matters as much as the movement of plants. Colonial power belongs in the account, not in a footnote added after the charming bits.

This episode is not the whole history of tea in India. It is a reason to ask better questions, and to resist treating empire as an uncomplicated origin story for a comforting drink.

Horniman Museum and Gardens (2023). A starting point for colonial history, not a complete history of Indian tea.

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Agriculture & ethicsA big tea world, built by small growers.The farm-gate price deserves a place in the conversation.

FAO reported in May 2023 that smallholders accounted for 60% of global tea production. It also identified low farm-gate prices, limited market access, weak advisory support, and difficulties accessing credit and technology among the challenges they faced. Source: FAO, International Tea Day 2023.

What that number cannot tell us

It cannot establish who grew a particular Porter Hill tea, what they were paid, or whether their working conditions were fair. Those need supply-chain evidence. A global statistic is a reason to take those questions seriously, not permission to print an ethical claim on a packet.

When we talk about the future of tea, flavour and farming belong in the same conversation. The people making a living from the crop are not scenery.

FAO statement dated 19 May 2023. Global sector context, not audited Porter Hill supplier conditions.

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Economy & trendsIs the world drinking more tea?Yes in this dated global series. That is not the same as a matcha trend forecast.

FAO's 2024 market outlook reports that global tea consumption grew by 3.3% annually over the preceding decade, reaching 6.5 million tonnes in 2022. Source: FAO, Current global market situation and medium-term outlook, 2024.

Read the label on a statistic

This is consumption measured by weight across the world. It is not the number of tea drinkers, the number of cups, a measure of British shopping habits, or a count of matcha videos. The 2022 endpoint matters too: a historical trend is not a forecast.

Our editorial rule is simple: every trend needs a place, a period, a unit and a source. Tea has plenty of interesting stories without asking one statistic to tell five of them.

FAO, Current global market situation and medium-term outlook (2024), data through 2022. Historical global data, not a sales forecast.

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PLAN. PLANT. PLANET.A greener-looking packet is not an answer.Our proposed checklist for asking better questions about tea.

When we assess a claim about tea's environmental impact, we want to know what has actually been measured. The farm? Processing? Packaging? Transport? Preparation? If two figures cover different parts of the journey, putting them side by side may be misleading.

Questions worth asking

  • Which product, place and period does the evidence cover?
  • What is included in the calculation, and what is left out?
  • Is the claim about carbon, water, biodiversity, waste or working conditions?
  • Who checked it, and what remains uncertain?

This is an editorial checklist, not a declaration that Porter Hill has completed those assessments. PLAN. PLANT. PLANET. should make us more curious and precise, not more comfortable with a vague green promise.

Editorial framework, not a claim of completed environmental work or certification.

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These chapters explore tea in the wider world. They do not establish where a particular Porter Hill tea was grown, or how its growers work. Product-specific information belongs on the product page.